Production Process of Glacial Acetic Acid

The production process of glacial acetic acid can be divided into the following steps:

Raw Material Preparation: The main raw materials for glacial acetic acid are ethanol and an oxidizing agent. Ethanol is typically obtained through fermentation or chemical synthesis, while the oxidizing agent is generally oxygen or hydrogen peroxide.

Oxidation Reaction: Ethanol and the oxidizing agent are fed into a reaction vessel, where the oxidation reaction is carried out under controlled temperature and pressure. The reaction typically occurs in the presence of an acidic catalyst, which first oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde and then further oxidizes it to acetic acid.

Acetic Acid Conversion: Acetaldehyde is catalytically converted into acetic acid. A key catalyst in this step is acetic acid bacteria. Through contact with these bacteria, acetaldehyde is oxidized into acetic acid, while carbon dioxide and water are also produced as byproducts.

Acetic Acid Purification: The resulting acetic acid mixture undergoes further purification. Purification methods include distillation and crystallization. Distillation involves separating acetic acid from the mixture by controlling temperature and pressure, yielding a higher purity acetic acid. The crystallization method, on the other hand, involves adding a specific solvent to cause acetic acid to crystallize into pure acetic acid crystals.

Packaging and Storage: The purified acetic acid is packaged, typically in plastic containers or glass bottles. The packaged acetic acid is then stored in a cool, dry place.

Through these steps, glacial acetic acid can be produced. It is important to control the reaction temperature, pressure, and concentration of various catalysts throughout the entire production process to ensure smooth reaction progress and stable product quality.

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